In areas where the wolf has been missing for decades, farmers have lost the habit of coexistence with large predators. With their natural return, they are now forced to adapt abruptly by using damage prevention tools and extensive changes in the management of livestock. When the livestock is out in the open, it can no longer be left unattended and must be protected with the use of electrified fences and livestock guarding dogs. This means higher costs to be incurred, more stress, more fatigue, additional personnel costs and an increase in working hours.
