{"id":21583,"date":"2023-03-09T15:43:10","date_gmt":"2023-03-09T15:43:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifewolfalps.eu\/dal-parco-nazionale-di-yellowstone-alle-alpi-europee\/"},"modified":"2023-03-14T14:41:57","modified_gmt":"2023-03-14T14:41:57","slug":"dal-parco-nazionale-di-yellowstone-alle-alpi-europee","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifewolfalps.eu\/fr\/dal-parco-nazionale-di-yellowstone-alle-alpi-europee\/","title":{"rendered":"Du parc national de Yellowstone aux Alpes europ\u00e9ennes"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La dynamique pr\u00e9dateur-proie a toujours fascin\u00e9 les chercheurs, mais ce n&rsquo;est que r\u00e9cemment qu&rsquo;il est apparu que les pr\u00e9dateurs pouvaient jouer un r\u00f4le important dans la structuration de la complexit\u00e9 des \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes. En ce qui concerne les \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes terrestres, peu d&rsquo;\u00e9tudes ont suivi les effets d&rsquo;un pr\u00e9dateur au sommet de la cha\u00eene sur d&rsquo;autres composantes de l&rsquo;\u00e9cosyst\u00e8me. Par exemple, dans le parc national de Yellowstone, les grands pr\u00e9dateurs tels que les loups semblent d\u00e9clencher des r\u00e9actions complexes aux niveaux inf\u00e9rieurs de la cha\u00eene alimentaire.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L&rsquo;effet du retour des grands pr\u00e9dateurs dans des environnements plus anthropis\u00e9s, typiques du contexte europ\u00e9en, est moins bien connu. Dans le cadre de l&rsquo;action C3 du projet Life Wolfalps EU, l&rsquo;ERSAF Parco Nazionale dello Stelvio (PNS), l&rsquo;Aree Protette Alpi Marittime (APAM), l&rsquo;Universit\u00e0 di Ljubijana (UL), le Slovenian Forest Service (SFS) et l&rsquo;Office Fran\u00e7ais de la Biodiversit\u00e9 (OFB) collaborent \u00e0 un projet de recherche visant \u00e0 promouvoir la coexistence du loup et des activit\u00e9s de chasse dans quatre contextes montagneux diff\u00e9rents en France, en Italie et en Slov\u00e9nie. Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la pr\u00e9sence de zones d&rsquo;\u00e9tude caract\u00e9ris\u00e9es par des conditions environnementales diff\u00e9rentes &#8211; dans trois d&rsquo;entre elles, le loup et ses proies sont pr\u00e9sents de mani\u00e8re stable (Italie, France et Slov\u00e9nie), tandis que dans une autre, le loup n&rsquo;est pas encore pr\u00e9sent (Italie) &#8211; il sera \u00e9tudi\u00e9 comment la pr\u00e9sence de grands pr\u00e9dateurs et les activit\u00e9s anthropiques influencent le nombre et la distribution des populations de proies de choix, en particulier les cerfs et les chevreuils. Nous en avons d\u00e9j\u00e0 parl\u00e9 <a aria-label=\"ici (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"https:\/\/www.lifewolfalps.eu\/fr\/un-atelier-pour-letude-de-la-relation-predateur-proie\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" class=\"rank-math-link\">ici<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La zone de contr\u00f4le du projet a \u00e9t\u00e9 identifi\u00e9e dans le parc national du Stelvio, dans la r\u00e9gion situ\u00e9e entre la Val Zebr\u00f9 et la Valle dei Forni, jusqu&rsquo;au Passo Gavia. Les chercheurs et les techniciens du parc, avec l&rsquo;aide de doctorants, de boursiers, de stagiaires et d&rsquo;\u00e9tudiants en th\u00e8se, \u00e9tudient la r\u00e9partition des cerfs sur le territoire en l&rsquo;absence de pr\u00e9dateurs naturels et d&rsquo;activit\u00e9 de chasse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery columns-2 is-cropped wp-block-gallery-1 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\"><ul class=\"blocks-gallery-grid\"><li class=\"blocks-gallery-item\"><figure><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"768\" src=\"https:\/\/www.lifewolfalps.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/08180069-1024x768.jpg\" alt=\"\" data-id=\"21556\" data-full-url=\"https:\/\/www.lifewolfalps.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/08180069.jpg\" data-link=\"https:\/\/www.lifewolfalps.eu\/dal-parco-nazionale-di-yellowstone-alle-alpi-europee\/m2e129a1l185-0-0-92-5569992\/\" class=\"wp-image-21558\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.lifewolfalps.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/08180069-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.lifewolfalps.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/08180069-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.lifewolfalps.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/08180069-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.lifewolfalps.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/08180069-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.lifewolfalps.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/08180069-640x480.jpg 640w, https:\/\/www.lifewolfalps.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/08180069-1200x900.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/www.lifewolfalps.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/08180069.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 639px) 98vw, (max-width: 1199px) 64vw, 770px\" \/><figcaption class=\"blocks-gallery-item__caption\">M2E129A1L185-0.0-92.5569992<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/li><li class=\"blocks-gallery-item\"><figure><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"768\" src=\"https:\/\/www.lifewolfalps.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/07240712-1024x768.jpg\" alt=\"\" data-id=\"21561\" data-full-url=\"https:\/\/www.lifewolfalps.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/07240712.jpg\" data-link=\"https:\/\/www.lifewolfalps.eu\/dal-parco-nazionale-di-yellowstone-alle-alpi-europee\/m2e150a1l208-0-0-229-8419952\/\" class=\"wp-image-21563\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.lifewolfalps.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/07240712-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.lifewolfalps.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/07240712-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.lifewolfalps.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/07240712-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.lifewolfalps.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/07240712-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.lifewolfalps.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/07240712-640x480.jpg 640w, https:\/\/www.lifewolfalps.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/07240712-1200x900.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/www.lifewolfalps.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/07240712.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 639px) 98vw, (max-width: 1199px) 64vw, 770px\" \/><figcaption class=\"blocks-gallery-item__caption\">M2E150A1L208-0.0-229.8419952<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/li><\/ul><figcaption class=\"blocks-gallery-caption\">Chevreuils et cerfs captur\u00e9s par les pi\u00e8ges photographiques plac\u00e9s pour l&rsquo;\u00e9tude dans le parc national du Stelvio<br> Photo: ERSAF\/PNS<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00c0 cette fin, la zone d&rsquo;\u00e9tude d&rsquo;environ 10 000 ha a \u00e9t\u00e9 divis\u00e9e en 50 cellules hypoth\u00e9tiques dans chacune desquelles un pi\u00e8ge photographique a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9 pour surveiller l&rsquo;utilisation du temps et de l&rsquo;espace par une population de cerfs. Outre les informations comportementales, les cerfs sont \u00e9galement suivis pour \u00e9tudier les niveaux de stress (par l&rsquo;\u00e9valuation des m\u00e9tabolites du cortisol), le r\u00e9gime alimentaire (par le codage ADN), la qualit\u00e9 du r\u00e9gime alimentaire (par l&rsquo;analyse NIRS) et la composante microbienne de l&rsquo;intestin.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery columns-2 is-cropped wp-block-gallery-2 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\"><ul class=\"blocks-gallery-grid\"><li class=\"blocks-gallery-item\"><figure><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" src=\"https:\/\/www.lifewolfalps.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/P1024077-1024x683.jpg\" alt=\"\" data-id=\"21539\" data-full-url=\"https:\/\/www.lifewolfalps.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/P1024077-scaled.jpg\" data-link=\"https:\/\/www.lifewolfalps.eu\/?attachment_id=21539\" class=\"wp-image-21541\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.lifewolfalps.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/P1024077-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.lifewolfalps.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/P1024077-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.lifewolfalps.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/P1024077-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.lifewolfalps.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/P1024077-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.lifewolfalps.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/P1024077-2048x1365.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/www.lifewolfalps.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/P1024077-640x427.jpg 640w, https:\/\/www.lifewolfalps.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/P1024077-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/www.lifewolfalps.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/P1024077-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 639px) 98vw, (max-width: 1199px) 64vw, 770px\" \/><figcaption class=\"blocks-gallery-item__caption\">Pi\u00e8ge photo<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/li><li class=\"blocks-gallery-item\"><figure><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/www.lifewolfalps.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/DSC_1548-683x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" data-id=\"21529\" data-full-url=\"https:\/\/www.lifewolfalps.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/DSC_1548-scaled.jpg\" data-link=\"https:\/\/www.lifewolfalps.eu\/?attachment_id=21529\" class=\"wp-image-21531\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.lifewolfalps.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/DSC_1548-683x1024.jpg 683w, https:\/\/www.lifewolfalps.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/DSC_1548-200x300.jpg 200w, https:\/\/www.lifewolfalps.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/DSC_1548-768x1152.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.lifewolfalps.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/DSC_1548-1024x1536.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.lifewolfalps.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/DSC_1548-1365x2048.jpg 1365w, https:\/\/www.lifewolfalps.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/DSC_1548-640x960.jpg 640w, https:\/\/www.lifewolfalps.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/DSC_1548-1200x1800.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/www.lifewolfalps.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/DSC_1548-1920x2880.jpg 1920w, https:\/\/www.lifewolfalps.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/DSC_1548-scaled.jpg 1707w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 639px) 98vw, (max-width: 1199px) 64vw, 683px\" \/><figcaption class=\"blocks-gallery-item__caption\">Capture de cerf et pose d&rsquo;un collier GPS<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/li><\/ul><figcaption class=\"blocks-gallery-caption\">Phto: ERSAF\/PNS<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cette recherche fournira des informations pr\u00e9cieuses sur la dynamique entre les proies et les pr\u00e9dateurs dans des contextes caract\u00e9ris\u00e9s par la pr\u00e9sence humaine.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>La dynamique pr\u00e9dateur-proie a toujours fascin\u00e9 les chercheurs, mais ce n&rsquo;est que r\u00e9cemment qu&rsquo;il est apparu que les pr\u00e9dateurs pouvaient jouer un r\u00f4le important dans la structuration de la complexit\u00e9 des \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes. En ce qui concerne les \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes terrestres, peu d&rsquo;\u00e9tudes ont suivi les effets d&rsquo;un pr\u00e9dateur au sommet de la cha\u00eene sur d&rsquo;autres composantes [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":31,"featured_media":21526,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[70,388],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-21583","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-engagement","category-predator-prey-relationship-fr"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifewolfalps.eu\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21583","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifewolfalps.eu\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifewolfalps.eu\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifewolfalps.eu\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/31"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifewolfalps.eu\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=21583"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifewolfalps.eu\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21583\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":21589,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifewolfalps.eu\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21583\/revisions\/21589"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifewolfalps.eu\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/21526"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifewolfalps.eu\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=21583"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifewolfalps.eu\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=21583"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifewolfalps.eu\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=21583"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}